Table 4

By
J.I. House & D.O. Hall
Division of Life Sciences, King's College London

Table 4: Primary production reported for tropical grasslands and savannas

			Aboveground NPP			Belowground NPP			Total NPP
			(g (DM) /m2/yr)			(g (DM) /m2/yr)			(g(DM)/m2/yr)	Source
Site name	Lat.	Long.	Trees	Grass	Total	Trees	Grass	Total

"SAVANNAS"
Lamto, Côte d’Ivoire	6º13N	5º02 W	633	1450	2083	37	633	670	2753	Menaut & Cesar (1979)
			277	1610	1887	23	1040	1063	2950
			137	1280	1417	13	1330	1343	2760
			55	1610	1665	5	1900	1905	3570
Mokwa, Nigeria	9º18N	5º04E	378							Collins (1977)
Nylsvley, South Africa	24º42S	28º42E	282	157	439	187	325	512	951	Scholes & Walker (1993)
Niono, Senegal	14º18N	6º0W		225						De Ridder et al (1982)
Uttar Pradesh	24º18'N	83º0E	520	645	1165	60	675	735	1900	Pandey & Singh (1992)
			230	715	945	30	720	750	1695	(estimates for area
			430	490	920	40	460	500	1420	protected from grazing)
"GRASSLANDS"
Towoomba, South Africa	24º50S	28º15E		141						Donaldson et al (1984)
Makaholi, Zimbabwe	19º48S	30º48E		146						Ward & Cleghorn (1964)
Nuanetsi, Zimbabwe	21º24S	30º48E		261						Kelly et al (undated)
Klong Hoi Kong, Thailand	6º0N	100º56E		1595			625		2220	Long et al (1992)
Charleville, Australia	26º24S	146º12E		520			290		810	Christie (1978)
Nairobi, Kenya	1º0N	36º49E		881			431		1312	Long et al (1989)
Udaipur, India	25º30N	72º24E		180						Vyas et al (1972)
Jodphur, India	26º18N	73º06E		108						Gupta et al (1972)
Delhi, India	28º54N	77º12E		798						Vashney (1972)
Ejura, Ghana	7º30N	3º30E		870						Greenland & Nye (1959)
Kurukshetra, India	9º58N	76º51E		2500			1131		3631	Rajvanshi & Gupta (1985)
Calaboza, Venezuela	8º48N	67º27W		478			146		624	Sarmiento (1984)
Manaus, Brazil	3º20S	60º0W		9418			507		9925	Long et al (1989)
Montecillos, Mexico	19º28N	98º28W		1063			678		1741	Long et al (1989)
Lamto, Cote d'Ivoire	6º13N	5º02W		1540			2040		3580	Menaut & Cesar (1979)

PLANTATIONS (mostly exotic trees)
Kurukshetra, India	29º58N	76º51E	1547	248						Rajvanshi & Gupta (1985)
Gandi Nagar, India	23º12N	77º06E	2270			757			3027	Gurumurti et al (1986)
Mudigere, India	13º12N	75º36E	1872							Swaminath (1988)
Nigeria	10º30N	7º18E	1337							Kadeba & Aduayi (1985,6)

Notes:
Table re-compiled from Scholes & Hall, 1996, Table 4.2
Terms "svannas" and "grasslands" refer to categories originally separated by Scholes & Hall.
DM = dry matter
To be included, studies must have measured NPP over a period of at least a year, and used the sum of positive increments method plus some assessment of losses (it was not always possible to determine from the sources whether losses included turnover and herbivory, or litterfall only).
Long et.al. (1989,1992) figures used sum-of-possitive-increment results rather than UNEP method results (See text) as this fits better with the rest of the data quoted.

Grasslands quick average production
(leaving out Manaus)
	AG data	BG data	tot data	tot calc	tot sum
Towoomba, South Africa	141			995	995
Makaholi, Zimbabwe	146			1000	1000
Nuanetsi, Zimbabwe	261			1117	1117
Klong Hoi Kong, Thailand	1595	625	2220		2220
Charleville, Australia	520	290	810		810
Nairobi, Kenya	881	431	1312		1312
Udaipur, India	180			1035	1035
Jodphur, India	108			962	962
Delhi, India	798			1659	1659
Ejura, Ghana	870			1732	1732
Kurukshetra, India	2500	1131	3631		3631
Calaboza, Venezuela	478	146	624		624
Montecillos, Mexico	1063	678	1741		1741
Lamto, Cote d'Ivoire	1540	2040	10338	8500	18838

Average	792	763	2954	2125	2691

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Many thanks to Bob Scholes (CSIR, South Africa), Xavier Le Roux (INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France), Jonathan Scurlock (ORNL, USA) and Joe Scanlan (Department of Natural Resources, Queensland, Australia) for providing information and making corrections to the manuscript. Dale Kaiser & Sonja Jones (ORNL, USA) for calculating tropical % of the Olson et al (1983) "grasslands" category.

Sadly, David Hall passed away in August 1999 before this chapter was published. His knowledge and love of savannas was only surpassed by his eagerness to learn and teach.

REFERENCES

	Table 1: Previous estimates of area, biomass and NPP of savannas and grasslands
	Table 2: Broad plant functional types found in African savannas (from Scholes et.al., 1997)

Table 3: Biomass reported for tropical grasslands and savannas

	Table 5: Biophysical properties, fluxes and efficiencies
	Figure 2: The relationship between total NPP and aboveground NPP

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